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1. Dental Fear, Dental Stress, Dental Phobia. Terminology, prevalence and factors affecting their appearance. • Milgrom, P., Weinstein, P., Kleinknecht, R., and Getz, T., Treatitig Fearful Denta Patients, Reston Publishing Co., Reston, Va, 1985. • Lee CY, Chang YY, Huang ST. Prevalence of dental anxiety among 5- to 8-year-old Taiwanese children. J Public Health Dent. 2007 Winter;67(1):36-41. • Boka V., Arapostathis K., Karagiannis V., Kotsanos K., van Loveren C., Veerkamp J. Dental fear in 6-12 year old children in Greece.Determination of dental fear cut-off points. European journal of Paediatric Dentistry vol 18/1-2017. • Torriani DD, Ferro RL, Bonow ML, Santos IS, Matijasevich A, Barros AJ,et al.. Dental caries is associated with dental fear in childhood: findings from a birth cohort study. Caries Res 2014; 48:263-270. • Baier K, Milgrom P, Russell S, et al. Children’s fear and behavior in private pediatric dentistry practices. Pediatric Dentistry 2004; 26(4):316-21. • Klingberg G, Broberg AG. Dental fear/anxiety and dental behavior management problems in children and adolescents: a review of prevalence and concomitant psychological factors. Int J Paediatr Dent 2007;17:391-406. • M.Ten Berge. Dental fear in children: prevalence, etiology and risk factors. UvA-DARE(library of University of Amsterdam) 2. Etiology of dental fear [Direct and Indirect experience] • Berge M, Veerkamp JS, Hoogstraten J, Prins PJ. Childhood dental fear in relation to parental child-rearing attitudes. Psychol Rep. 2003 Feb;92(1):43-50. • Halonen H, Salo T, Hakko H, et al: Association of dental anxiety to personality traits in a general population sample of Finnish university students. Acta OdontolScand 2012; 70:96–100. • Klingberg G, Berggren U, Carlsson SG, Noren JG. Child dental fear:cause-related factors and clinical effects. Eur J Oral Sci. 1995 Dec;103(6):405-12. • M.Ten Berge. Dental fear in children: prevalence, etiology and risk factors. UvA-DARE (library of University of Amsterdam) • Milgrom P, Vignehsa H, Weinstein P. Adolescent dental fear and control: prevalence and theoretical implications. Behav Res Ther. 1992 Jul;30(4):367-73. • Ten Berge M, Veerkamp JS, Hoogstraten J. The etiology of childhood dental fear: The role of dental and conditioning experiences. J Anxiety Disord. 2002;16(3):321-9. • Klingberg G and Broberg AG. Dental fear/anxiety and dental behaviour management problems in children and adolescents: a review of prevalence and concomitant psychological factors. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2007;17(6):391–406. 3. Pain and dental fear • Mathias FB, Cademartori MG, Goettems ML. Factors associated with children's perception of pain following dental treatment. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2020 Feb;21(1):137-143 • Lee GI, Neumeister MW. Pain: Pathways and Physiology. Clin Plast Surg. 2020 Apr;47(2):173-180. • American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Clinical Affairs Committee-Behavior Management Subcommittee. Guideline on Behavior Guidance for the Pediatric Dental Patient. Pediatr Dent. 2015;37:57–70 • Milgrom, P., Weinstein, P., Kleinknecht, R., and Getz, T., Treatitig Fearful Denta Patients, Reston Publishing Co., Reston, Va, 1985. 4. Dental anxiety and stress assessment through monitoring physiological reactions [Physiological Techniques– Cardiovascular system] • Arhakis A, Menexes G, Coolidge T, Kalfas S. Heart rate, salivary α-amylase activity, and cooperative behavior in previously naïve children receiving dental local anesthesia. Pediatr Dent. 2012 Nov-Dec;34(7):e225-30 • Abraham-Inpijn L, Borgmeijer-Hoelen A, Gortzak RA. Changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and electrocardiogram during dental treatment with use of local anesthesia. J Am Dent Assoc. 1988 Apr;116(4):531-6 • Benjamins C, Schuurs AH, Asscheman H, Hoogstraten J. Anxiety and blood pressure prior to dental treatment. Psychol Rep. 1990 Oct;67(2):371-7 • Beck FM, Weaver JM. Blood pressure and heart rate responses to anticipated high-stress dental treatment. J Dent Res. 1981 Jan;60(1):26-9. • Hollander MHJ, Schortinghuis J, Vissink A. Changes in heart rate during third molar surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg [Internet]. 2016;45(12):1652–7. 5. Dental anxiety and stress assessment through monitoring the normal physiological reactions [Physiological Techniques– galvanic skin reaction (or conductance), salivary a amylase, salivary cortisol]. Assessing dental anxiety and stress through assessment of children paintings [Projective Techniques]. • Aartman IHA, van Everdingen T, Hoogstraten J, Schuurs AHB. Appraisal of Behavioral Measurement Techniques for Assessing Dental Anxiety and Fear in Children: A Review. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 1996; Vol. 18, No. 2. • Aartman IHA, van Everdingen T, Hoogstraten J, Schuurs AH. Self-report measurements of dental anxiety and fear in children: a critical assessment. ASDC J Dent Child. 1998 Jul-Aug;65(4):252-8, 229-30. • Caprara HJ, Eleazer PD, Barfield RD, Chavers S. Objective measurement of patient's dental anxiety by galvanic skin reaction. J Endod. 2003 Aug;29(8):493-6. • Najafpour E, Asl-Aminabadi N, Nuroloyuni S, Jamali Z, Shirazi S. Can galvanic skin conductance be used as an objective indicator of children's anxiety in the dental setting? J Clin Exp Dent. 2017 Mar 1;9(3):e377-e383. • van Stegeren A, Rohleder N, Everaerd W, Wolf OT. Salivary alpha amylase as marker for adrenergic activity during stress: effect of betablockade. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2006 Jan;31(1):137-41. • Takai N, Yamaguchi M, Aragaki T, Eto K, Uchihashi K, Nishikawa Y. Effect of psychological stress on the salivary cortisol and amylase levels in healthy young adults. Arch Oral Biol. 2004 Dec;49(12):963-8. • Nater UM, Rohleder N. Salivary alpha-amylase as a non-invasive biomarker for the sympathetic nervous system: current state of research. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009;34: 486–496. • Aminabadi NA, Ghoreishizadeh A, Ghoreishizadeh M, Oskouei SG. Can drawing be considered a projective measure for children's distress in paediatric dentistry? Int J Paediatr Dent, 2011 Jan;21(1):1-12. • Lilienfeld S.O, Wood J.M, Garb H.N. The scientific status of projective techniques. Phychological science in the public interest, 2000, 1(2): 27-66 6. Psychometric questionnaires in determining dental fear and anxiety. Reliability and validity of the questionnaires. • Coolidge T, Heima M, Coldwell SE, Weinstein P, Milgrom P. Psychometric properties of the Revised Dental Beliefs Survey. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. 2005;33(4):289–97. • Corah NL. Development of a dental anxiety scale. J Dent Res 1969; 48: 596. • Cuthbert MI and Melamed BG. A screening device: children at risk for dental fears and management problems. ASDC J Dent Child. 1982;49:432-6. • Kleinknecht RA, Klepac RK, Alexander LD. Origins and characteristics of fear of dentistry. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1973;86(4):842-8. • Klingberg G, Vannas Lofqvist L, Hwang CP. Validity of the Children’s Dental Fear Picture Test (CDFP). Euro J Oral Sci. 1995; 103: 55-60. • Klingberg G. Dental fear and behaviour management problems in children. Swed. Dent. J. Supplement 1995; 103:1-78. • Klingberg G. Reliability and validity of the Swedish version of the Dental Subscale of the the Children's Fear Survey Schedule, CFSS-DS. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 1994;52(4):255-256. • Koenigsberg SR and Johnson R. Child behaviour during sequential dental visits. Journal of theAmerican Dental Association, 1972;85(1):128-132 • Arapostathis KN, Coolidge T, Emmanouil D, Kotsanos N. Reliability and validity of the Greek version of the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2008;18:374-9. 7. Methods for assessing the child's behavior in the dental office due to dental anxiety and fear. • Frankl SN, Shiere FR, Fogels HR. Should the parent remain with the child in the dental operatory? J Dent Child 1962;29:150-63. • Klingberg G. Dental fear and behaviour management problems in children. Swed. Dent. J. Supplement 1995; 103:1-78. • Venham LL, Murray P, Gaulin-Kremer E. Child-rearing variables affecting the preschool child's response to dental stress. Journal of Dental Research. 1979;58,2042-2045. (a) • Venham LL, Gaulin-Kremer E. A self-report measure of situational anxiety for young children. Pediatric Dentistry. 1979;1,91-96. • Venham LL, Bengston D, Cipes M. Parent's presence and the child's response to dental stress. Journal of Dentistry for Children. 1978;45,213-217. • Venham LL, Bengston D,Cipes M. Children's responses to sequential dental visits. Journal of Dental Research. 1977;56,454-459. 8. Treatment Planning for Fearful Dental Patients. Factors in prioritizing Dental treatment. • Koch G and Poulsen S. Pediatric Dentistry A Clinical Approach.2nd ed, ch.4,pp. 37-40. Blackwell,2009. • Milgrom P, Weinstein P, Getz T. Treating Fearful Dental Patients. A Patient Management Handbook. 2nd edn, ch. 3-10, pp. 66-68 and 287-302. U. of Washington, Seattle,1995. • Mathewson RJ, Primosch RE. Treatment Planning. In: Mathewson RJ, Primosch RE (eds.) Fundamentals of pediatric dentistry. Third Edition. Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc. 1995; 372-83. • Weinstein P, Milgrom P, Hoskuldsson O, Golletz D, Jeffcott E, Koday M. Situation-specifi c child control. A visit to the dentist. Behav Res Ther 1996;34:11–21. 9. Assessment and treatment of dental anxiety and fear in adults. • Corah NL. Dental anxiety: assessment, reduction and increasing patient satisfaction. Dent Clin North Am. 1988;32(4):779–790. • Forbes MD, Boyle CA, Newton T. Acceptability of behaviour therapy for dental phobia. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2012;40(1):1–7. • Kleinknecht RA, Klepac RK, Alexander LD. Origins and characteristics of fear of dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc. 1973;86(4):842–848. • Kvale G, Berggren U, Milgrom P. Dental fear in adults: a meta-analysis of behavioral interventions. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2004;32(4):250–264. • Willumsen T, Vassend O. Effects of cognitive therapy, applied relaxation and nitrous oxide sedation: a five-year follow-up study of patients treated for dental fear. Acta Odontol Scand. 2003;61(2):93–99. 10. Correlation between gag reflex and dental fear. • Katsouda M, Provatenou E, Arapostathis K, Coolidge T, Kotsanos N. The Greek version of the Gagging Assessment Scale in children and adolescents: psychometric properties, prevalence of gagging, and the association between gagging and dental fear. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 2016;27(2):145–51. • Katsouda M, Coolidge T, Simos G, Kotsanos N, Arapostathis KN. Factors associated with gagging during radiographic and intraoral photographic examinations in 4-12-year-old children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2021 Apr;22(2):129-137. • Katsouda M, Coolidge T, Simos G, Kotsanos N, Arapostathis KN. Gagging and cooperation in 4-12-year-old children over a series of dental appointments. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2021 Oct;22(5):937-946. • Chidiac JJ, Chamseddine L, Bellos G. Gagging prevention using nitrous oxide or table salt: a comparative pilot study. International Journal of Prosthodontics 2001;14:364‐6. 11. Dentist’s fears and anxieties related to dental practice. • Eccles JD. The heart rate of dentists at work. Br Dent J. 1969 Mar 4;126(5):216-20 • Collin V, Toon M, O'Selmo E, Reynolds L, Whitehead P. A survey of stress, burnout and well-being in UK dentists. Br Dent J. 2019 Jan 11;226(1):40-49 • Mathias S, Koerber A, Fadavi S, Punwani I. Specialty and sex as predictors of depression in dentists. J Am Dent Assoc. 2005 Oct;136(10):1388-95 • Rada RE, Johnson-Leong C. Stress, burnout, anxiety and depression among dentists. Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) 2004;135(6):788–794.