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1. Atraumatic Restorative Technique (ART) in primary and permanent teeth. Description. When and how it is used. Materials for ART. Clinical studies, systematic reviews/ meta-analyses – evidence. • de Amorim RG, Frencken JE, Raggio DP, Chen X, Hu X, Leal SC. Survival percentages of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) restorations and sealants in posterior teeth: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2018 Nov;22(8):2703-2725. doi: 10.1007/s00784-018-2625-5. Epub 2018 Sep 19. PMID: 30232622. • Elkady DM, Khater AGA, Schwendicke F. Chlorhexidine to improve the survival of ART restorations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent. 2020 Dec;103:103491. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103491. Epub 2020 Sep 30. PMID: 33010387Bottom of Form • Frencken JE, Liang S, Zhang Q. Survival estimates of atraumatic restorative treatment versus traditional restorative treatment: a systematic review with meta-analyses. Br Dent J. 2021 Apr 2 • Garbim JR, Laux CM, Tedesco TK, Braga MM, Raggio DP. Atraumatic restorative treatment restorations performed in different settings: systematic review and meta-analysis. Aust Dent J. 2021 Dec;66(4):430-443. • Jiang, M., Fan, Y., Li, K. Y., Lo, E. C. M., Chu, C. H., & Wong, M. C. M. (2021). Factors affecting success rate of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) restorations in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Dentistry, 104, 103526. • Lin GSS, Cher CY, Cheah KK, Koh SH, Chia CHL, Lim VR, Baharin F, Wafa SWWSST. Acceptability of atraumatic restorative treatment and Hall Technique among children, parents, and general dental practitioners: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Quintessence Int. 2022 Jan 7;53(2):156-169. doi: 10.3290/j.qi.b1901315. PMID: 34410073. • Mickenautsch S, Yengopal V, Banerjee A. Atraumatic restorative treatment versus amalgam restoration longevity: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig. 2010 Jun;14(3):233-40. doi: 10.1007/s00784-009-0335-8. Epub 2009 Aug 18. PMID: 19688227. • Mickenautsch S, Yengopal Y Failure rate of atraumatic restorative treatment using high -viscosity glass-ionomer cement compared to that of conventional amalgam restorative treatment in primary and permanent teeth: a systematic review update - III. / Min Interv Dent 2012; 5: 273-331 • Mickenautsch, Steffen, Veerasamy Yengopal, and Avijit Banerjee. "Atraumatic restorative treatment versus amalgam restoration longevity: a systematic review." Clinical oral investigations 14.3 (2010): 233-240. • Simon AK, Bhumika TV, Nair NS. Does atraumatic restorative treatment reduce dental anxiety in children? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Dent. 2015 Apr-Jun;9(2):304-309. doi: 10.4103/1305-7456.156841. PMID: 26038668; PMCID: PMC4439864. • Wakhloo T, Reddy SG, Sharma SK, Chug A, Dixit A, Thakur K. Silver Diamine Fluoride Versus Atraumatic Restorative Treatment in Pediatric Dental Caries Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2021 Jul 3;11(4):367-375. doi: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_83_21. PMID: 34430496; PMCID: PMC8352060 2. Molar/ Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) I. Definition. Important diagnostic data. Types of MIH. Association with dental caries. Prevention (techniques/materials). Restoration of opacities/ mild type lesions of MIH. Choice of bonding system. Clinical studies – Evidence. • Almuallem, Z. and Busuttil-Naudi, A. (2018) ‘Molar incisor hypomineralisation (Mih) – an overview’, British Dental Journal, 225(7), pp. 601–609. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.814. • American Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. Guideline on Paediatric Restorative Dentistry, 2019 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-93426-6. • Fayle SA. Molar incisor hypomineralisation: restorative management. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2003; 4:121-126 • Ghanim A, Silva M J, Elfrink M E C et al. Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) training manual for clinical field surveys and practice. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2017; 18: 225–242. • Koch MJ, Garcia-Godoy F. The clinical performance of laboratory-fabricated crowns placed on first permanent molars with developmental defects. J Am Dent Assoc 2000; 131(9):1285-90. • Kotsanos, N., Kaklamanos, E. G. and Arapostathis, K. (2005) ‘Treatment management of first permanent molars in children with Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation.’, European journal of paediatric dentistry, 6(4), pp. 179–184. • Lygidakis NA. Treatment modalities in children with teeth affected by molar-incisor enamel hypomineralisation (MIH): A systematic review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2010; 11: 65–74. • Randall RC, Vrijhoef MM, Wilson NH. Efficacy of pre-formed metal crowns vs. amalgam restorations in primary molars: A systematic review. J Am Dent Assoc 2000;131(3):337-43. • Lygidakis NA, Garot E, Somani C, Taylor GD, Rouas P, Wong FSL. Best clinical practice guidance for clinicians dealing with children presenting with molar-incisor-hypomineralisation (MIH): an updated European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry policy document. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2022 Oct 20. 3. Molar/ Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) IΙ. Prevention – Treatment of moderate/severe type lesions of MIH. Materials of choice. Treatment approaches. Comparative studies, systematic reviews/ meta-analyses. Clinical studies – evidence. • Declerck D, Mampay E. Non-invasive treatment approach for hypomineralised second primary molars using preformed metal crowns: results after 1-year follow-up. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2021 Jun;22(3):479-490 • Dhareula A, Goyal A, Gauba K, Bhatia SK, Kapur A, Bhandari S. A clinical and radiographic investigation comparing the efficacy of cast metal and indirect resin onlays in rehabilitation of permanent first molars affected with severe molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH): a 36-month randomised controlled clinical trial. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2019 Oct;20(5):489-500 • Dhareula A, Goyal A, Gauba K, Bhatia SK. Esthetic rehabilitation of first permanent molars affected with severe form of molar incisor hypomineralization using indirect composite onlays—a case series. Pediatr Dent J. 2018;28(2):62–7 • Dulla JA, Meyer-Lueckel H. Molar-incisor hypomineralisation: narrative review on etiology, epidemiology, diagnostics and treatment decision. Swiss Dent J. 2021 Mar 25;131(11) • Jälevik B, Klingberg G. Treatment outcomes and dental anxiety in 18-year-olds with MIH, comparisons with healthy controls – a longitudinal study. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2012;22(2):85–91 • Jälevik B, Möller M. Evaluation of spontaneous space closure and development of permanent dentition after extraction of hypomineralized permanent first molars. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2007 Sep;17(5):328-35 • Jälevik B: Prevalence and Diagnosis of Molar-Incisor- Hypomineralisation (MIH): A systematic review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 11: 59-64 (2010) • Krämer N, Bui Khac NN, Lücker S, Stachniss V, Frankenberger R. Bonding strategies for MIH-affected enamel and dentin. Dent Mater 2018;34:331-334 • Lygidakis NA, Garot E, Somani C, Taylor GD, Rouas P, Wong FSL. Best clinical practice guidance for clinicians dealing with children presenting with molar-incisor-hypomineralisation (MIH): an updated European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry policy document. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2022 Oct 20. 4. Materials for treatment of other Developmental Defects of Enamel and Dentin (DDED). Treatment approaches for anterior and posterior teeth. Treatment of mild/moderate/severe cases of DDED. • AAPD.Guideline on dental management of heritable dental developmental anomalies.Pediatr Dent 2013;35(5):E179-84 • Chen CF,HU J.,Bresciani E,Peters MC,Estrella MR.Treatment considerations for patient with Amelogenesis Imperfecta :a review.Braz Dent Sci 2013;16(4):7-18. • O Carroll MK, Duncan WK, Perkins TM. Dentin dysplasia: review of the literature and a proposed subclassification based on radiographic findings.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1991.72(1): 119-125, • Watts A. and Addy M. Tooth discolouration and staining : a review of the literature. British Dental Journal 2001 190 (6): 309-316 • Seow WK. Enamel hypoplasia in the primary dentition: a review. J Dent Child 1991;58:441–452. • Krämer N, Bui Khac NN, Lücker S, Stachniss V, Frankenberger R. Bonding strategies for MIH-affected enamel and dentin. Dent Mater. 2018 Feb;34(2):331-340. • Jalevik B, Klingberg G. Dental treatment, dental fear, and behavior management problems in children with severe enamel hypomineralization in permanent first molars. Int J Paediatr Dent 2002;12:24-32. • Koch C, Poulsen S. Developmental defects of the dental hard tissues and their treatment. Pediatric Dentistry A clinical approach. Blackwell Publish Ltd 2009;17:244-246. 5. Erosion. Materials used for erosion treatment in primary and permanent teeth. Factors affecting the retention of materials. Comparative studies, systematic reviews according to retention. • Lussi A, Buzalaf MAR, Duangthip D, Anttonen V, Ganss C, João-Souza SH, Baumann T, Carvalho TS. The use of fluoride for the prevention of dental erosion and erosive tooth wear in children and adolescents. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2019 Dec;20(6):517-527. • Lussi A, Buzalaf MAR, Duangthip D, Anttonen V, Ganss C, João-Souza SH, Baumann T, Carvalho TS. The use of fluoride for the prevention of dental erosion and erosive tooth wear in children and adolescents. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2019 Dec;20(6):517-527. doi: 10.1007/s40368-019-00420-0. Epub 2019 Feb 14. PMID: 30762211. • Lussi A. Erosive tooth wear – a multifactorial condition of growing concern and increasing knowledge. Monogr Oral Sci 2006; 20: 1– 8. • Linnett V, Seow WK. Dental erosion - a literature review. Pediatr Dent. 2001; 23(1):37-43. • O'Sullivan E, Milosevic A; British Society of Paediatric Dentistry. UK National Clinical Guidelines in Paediatric Dentistry: diagnosis, prevention and management of dental erosion. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2008 Nov;18 Suppl 1:29-38. • O’Sullivan EA, Curzon MEJ, Roberts GJ, Milla PJ, Stringer MD. Gastro oesophageal reflux in children and its relationship to erosion of primary and permanent teeth. Eur J Oral Sci 1998; 106: 765–769. • O’Sullivan EA, Curzon MEJ. Salivary factors affecting dental erosion in children. Caries Res 2000; 34: 82–87 • Lussi A, Buzalaf MAR, Duangthip D, Anttonen V, Ganss C, João-Souza SH, Baumann T, Carvalho TS. The use of fluoride for the prevention of dental erosion and erosive tooth wear in children and adolescents. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2019 Dec;20(6):517-527. • Schlueter N, Jaeggi T, Lussi A. Is dental erosion really a problem? Adv Dent Res. 2012;24(2):68 71. • Jaeggi T, Gruninger A, Lussi A. Restorative therapy of erosion. Monogr Oral Sci 2006;20:200–14. • Jaeggi T, Lussi A. Prevalence, incidence and distribution of erosion. Monogr Oral Sci. 2006;20:44–65. 6. Mechanism of fluoride release from restorative materials (Glass ionomer, Resin-modified glass ionomer, Composite resin, bonding systems of composite resin, resin-based materials for pit and fissure sealants). Fluoride re-release of restorative materials. Effect of fluoride released in biofilm and secondary caries. Caries prevention in proximal enamel surface of adjacent tooth. Clinical importance of fluoride release. • Ahovuo Saloranta A, Forss H, Walsh T, Hiiri A, Nordblad A, et al. Sealants for preventing dental decay in the permanent teeth. Cochrane database syst review.2013;3:CD001830. • Derks A,Katsaros C, Frencken JE,Van hof MA,Kuijpers-Jagt man AM.Caries –inhibiting effectof preventive measures during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.A systematic review.Caries Res 2004;38:413-20. • DIONYSOPOULOS, P., KOTSANOS, N., KOLINIOTOU-KOULIA, E. & PAPADOGIANNIS, Y. (1994) Secondary caries formation in vitroaround fluoride-releasing restorations. Operative Dentistry, 19, 183. • DIONYSOPOULOS, P., KOTSANOS, N., PAPADOGIANNIS, Y. & KONSTANTINIDIS, A. (1998) Artificial secondary caries around two new F-containing restoratives. Operative Dentistry, 23, 81. • Ikemura K, Tay FR, Endo T, Pashley H. A review of chemical-approach and ultramorphological studies on the development of fluoride-releasing dental adhesives comprising new pre-reacted glass ionomer (PRG) fillers. Dent Mater J 2008;27(3):315-39. • Kotsanos N,Dionysopoulos P. Lack of effect of fluoride releasing resin modified glass ionomer restorations on the contacting surface of adjacent primary molars.A clinical prospective study.Eur J Paediatr Dent.2004;5(3):136-42 • Mickenautsch S, Yengopal V. Absence of carious lesions at margins of glass-ionomer cement and amalgam restorations: an update of systematic review evidence. BMC Res Notes 2011;4:58. • Mejare I, Lingstrom P, Petersson LG, Holm AK, Twetman S, Kallestal C, et al. Caries-preventive effect of fissure sealants: a systematic review. Acta Odont Scand 2003;61:321–30. • Mejare IA, Klingberg G, Mowafi FK, Stecksen-Blicks C, Twetman SH, Tranaeus SH. A systematic map of systematic reviews in pediatric dentistry – what do we really know? PLOS ONE 2015;10:e0117537. • Tonia L. Morphis; Jack K. Toumba; Nick A. Lygidakis (2000). Fluoride pit and fissure sealants: a review. , 10(2), 90–98. 7. Biocompatibility and toxicity of modern restorative materials. Control methods. Side effects for patients, dental staff and environment. Inorganic elements – monomers constituted to resin-based materials and glass ionomers. Types. Basic properties. Types of monomers in each material. Laboratory studies. Advantages – Disadvantages in clinical practice. • MattooKA,Garg R, Gupta A, Jain N. Toxicology and Biocompatibility of Dental Materials: A Review. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sc. 2012;3(4):1091-9. • Cimen C, Ozalp N. Biocompatibility evaluation of resin-based restorative materials: A review. EADS. 2021;48(1):33-39 • Salehi S, Gwinner F, Mitchell JC, Pfeifer C, Ferracane JL. Cytotoxicity of resin composites containing bioactive glass fillers. Dent Mater. 2015 Feb;31(2):195-203 • Roussou K, Nikolaidis AK, Ziouti F, Arhakis A, Arapostathis K, Koulaouzidou EA. Cytotoxic Evaluation and Determination of Organic and Inorganic Eluates from Restorative Materials. Molecules. 2021 Aug 13;26(16):4912 • Putzeys E, Nys S, Cokic SM, Duca RC, Vanoirbeek J, Godderis L, Meerbeek BV, Van Landuyt KL. Long-term elution of monomers from resin-based dental composites. Dent Mater. 2019 Mar;35(3):477-485. • Randolph LD, Palin WM, Leloup G, Leprince JG. Filler characteristics of modern dental resin composites and their influence on physico-mechanical properties. Dent Mater. 2016;32:1586–99 8. Mechanical behavior of all restorative materials (Amalgam, Composite Resin, Glass Ionomer, Resin-modified glass ionomer, Compomer, High-viscosity glass ionomer, bioactive materials like Activa). Mechanical properties of restorative materials for primary and permanent teeth. Laboratory and clinical studies. Research interest in improving such mechanical properties of restorative materials. • Rajasekharan S, Martens LC, Cauwels RG, Verbeeck RM. Biodentine™ material characteristics and clinical applications: a review of the literature. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2014 Jun;15(3):147-58. • Rajasekharan S, Martens LC, Cauwels RGEC, Anthonappa RP, Verbeeck RMH. Biodentine™ material characteristics and clinical applications: a 3 year literature review and update Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2018 Feb;19(1):1-22. • Riva Y.R, Rahman S.F. Dental composite resin: A review. AIP Conference Proceedings 2193, 020011 (2019) • Balguri, P. K., Samuel, D. H., & Thumu, U. (2021). A review on mechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposites. Materials Today: Proceedings, 44, 346-355. • Heintze SD, Ilie N, Hickel R, Reis A, Loguercio A, Rousson V. Laboratory mechanical parameters of composite resins and their relation to fractures and wear in clinical trials—a systematic review. Dent Mater 2017;33:e101–14. • Sidhu SK, Nicholson JW. A Review of Glass-Ionomer Cements for Clinical Dentistry. J Funct Biomater. 2016 Jun 28;7(3):16. 9. Bonding systems for primary and permanent teeth. Types. Advantages – Disadvantages. Comparative studies. Laboratory studies. Clinical studies. • Bagherian A., Shirazi A., Sadeghi R. Adhesive systems under fissure sealants : Yes or no?A systematic review and Meta analysis. J Am Dent Assoc 2016 Jun;147(6):446-56. • Da Rosa WLDO, Piva E, Da Silva AF. Bond strength of universal adhesives: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent. 2015;43(7):765-776. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2015.04.003 • Das UM, G.S. Bonding agents in pit and fissure sealants :a review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2009; 2 (3):1-6. • De Munck J, Van Landuyt K, Peumans M, et al. A critical review of the durability of adhesion to tooth tissue: methods and results. J Dent Res. 2005;84:118–132. • Lenzi TL, Gimenez T, Tedesco TK, Mendes FM, Rocha R de O, Raggio DP. Adhesive systems for restoring primary teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2016;26(5):364-375. doi:10.1111/ipd.12210 • Masoumeh Ebrahimi, Anoosheh Janani, Sara Majidinia, Ramin Sadeghi, and Alireza Sarraf Shirazi. Are self-etch adhesives reliable for primary tooth dentin? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Conserv Dent. 2018 May-Jun; 21(3): 243–250. • Peumans M, De Munck J, Mine A, Van Meerbeek B. Clinical effectiveness of contemporary adhesives for the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions. A systematic review. Dent Mater. 2014;30(10):1089-1103. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2014.07.007 • Ebrahimi M, Janani A, Majidinia S, Sadeghi R, Shirazi AS. Are self-etch adhesives reliable for primary tooth dentin? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Conserv Dent. 2018 May-Jun;21(3):243-250. 10. SDF (Silver Diamine Fluoride). Chemical composition. Procedure. Indications – Contra-indications. Possible side effects. Parental acceptance. Effect in oral hygiene. Final restoration – which materials – removal of dental substance? • AAPD Clinical Practice Guideline: Crystal YO, Marghalani AA, Ureles SD, et al. Use of silver diamine fluoride for dental caries management in children and adolescents, including those with special health care needs. Pediatr Dent 2017;39 (5):E135-E145 • Duangthip D, Jiang M, Chu CH, Lo EC. Restorative approaches to treat dentin caries in preschool children: Systematic review. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2016;17(2): 113-21. • Gao SS, Zhang S, Mei ML, Lo EC, Chu CH. Caries remineralisation and arresting effect in children by professionally applied fluoride treatment – A systematic review. BMC Oral Health 2016;16:12. • Sabbagh, H., Othman, M., Khogeer, L., Al-Harbi, H., & Abdulgader Yaseen Abdulgader, A. (2020). Parental acceptance of silver Diamine fluoride application on primary dentition: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health, 20(1), 1-12. • Shalin Shah , Vijay Bhaskar , Karthik Venkatraghavan , Prashant Choudhary , Ganesh M. , Krishna Trivedi. Silver Diamine Fluoride: A Review and Current Applications. Journal of Advanced Oral Research / Jan-Apr 2014 / Vol. 5 No.1 11. Laser. Types of Laser in clinical practice. Type of anaesthesia – analgesia. Type of laser and method in removal of dental substance. Proposed restorative materials. Bonding systems. Effectiveness. Comparative studies with non-laser techniques. Laboratory – Clinical studies. • American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Policy on the use of lasers for pediatric dental patients. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. Chicago, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2021:120-2 • Arapostathis K. An in vitro study comparing cavity preparation by Er:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG lasers and diamond bur on primary molars: Effect on microleakage of three different restorative materials and Scanning Electron Microscopy examination of the cavity preparation. Master of Science in Lasers Dentistry Thesis; University of Genoa, 2014 • Boj JR, Poirer C, Hernandez M, et al. Review: Laser soft tissue treatments for paediatric dental patients. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2011;12(2):100-5. • Galui S, Pal S, Mahata S, Saha S, Sarkar S. Laser and its use in pediatric dentistry: A review of literature and a recent update. Int J Pedod Rehabil 2019;4:1‑5. • Lopes RM, Trevelin LT, da Cunha SR, de Oliveira RF, de Andrade Salgado DM, de Freitas PM, de Paula Eduardo C, Aranha AC. 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