Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. Understand the structure, the composition and the properties of the primary and secondary clay minerals of soil.
2. Understand the effect of clay minerals on soil chemical and physical properties.
Course Content (Syllabus)
Introduction, clays as a constituent of soil environment. Elements of crystallography. Structure and properties of primary minerals. Structure and properties of primary phyllosilicates. Secondary clay minerals, structure and properties of 2:1 and 1:1 type clay minerals. Other secondary minerals - iron and aluminum oxides. Identification of clay minerals, X-ray diffractometry. Measurement of specific area and cation exchange capacity. Effect of clay minerals on soil properties and soil fertility. Environmental applications of clay minerals.