Course Content (Syllabus)
Region of Pontus from the Fall of the Empire of Trebizond to the beginning of the 19th century
The objective of the Course is to study the History of the Greeks who lived in Pontus (regions between Colchis and the so-called “Small Armenia” to Paphlagonia to the west and Cappadocia to the south) during the period starting with the Fall of Trebizond (1461) till the first decades of the 19th century. Especially the period 1461-1774 was characterized as a period of introversion, particularly after the Ottomans and their Allies prevailed in Black Sea. Yet, by the end of the 18th – beginning of the 19th century Europeans started rapidly penetrating into the Ottoman Empire in order to serve their geopolitical, strategic and economic interests. Within this long period, the socio-economic development of the Greeks of Pontus, the formation of their institutions within the Rum millet and their gradual transition from religious to national identity will be examined.
1st week
Introduction, Topics, Course Objectives. Information about the students’ duties, the course outline and the exams. Optional essay grading. Reference to the importance of the relative sources and the most significant Archives inland and abroad. The Fall of Constantinople and the abolition of the Empire of Comneni (Empire of Trebizond)
2nd week
Period of isolation and adaptation (1461-16th cent.). Demographic and social changes after the Ottoman conquest
3rd week
Greek Orthodox Church and Monasteries in Pontus (15th-16th cent.)
4th week
Education in Pontus (15th-16th cent.)
5th week
The Greeks of Pontus in search of ways out (17th-18th cent.). Central Ottoman Rule and Derebeys
6th week
The Greeks of Pontus: Goals and Visions
7th εβδομάδα
Greek Orthodox Church and Patriarchal Stavropegic Monasteries
8th week
Education in Pontus (17th-18th cent.)
9th week
Economy. Trade Routes. Gümüşhane and Mines
10th week
Russo-Turkish Wars - Küçük Kaynarca and Adrianople Treaties. The Beginning of the European penetration into the Ottoman Empire
11th week
Relocation – immigration movements in Tsarist Russia. Epidemics in Pontus
12th week
European Consulates in Pontus
13th week
Ethnic groups living together with the Greeks of Pontus. Reforms (Tanzimat). The Ottoman Empire under pressure
Keywords
Pontus, Greeks of Pontus, Ottoman Empire, Black Sea, Consulates
Course Bibliography (Eudoxus)
Άρτ. Ξανθοπούλου-Κυριακού – Ευρ. Γεωργανόπουλος – Κυρ. Χατζηκυριακίδης, Οι Έλληνες του Πόντου και η Οθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία (1461-1923), Αρχείον Πόντου – Παράρτημα 36, Επιτροπή Ποντιακών Μελετών, Αθήνα 2015
Additional bibliography for study
Οδ. Λαμψίδης, «Η Τουρκοκρατία στον Μικρασιατικό Πόντο», Αρχείον Πόντου, 33 (1975-1976), 115-208
Οδ. Λαμψίδης, «Η Τουρκοκρατία στον Μικρασιατικό Πόντο», Αρχείον Πόντου, 34 (1977-1978)
Χρ. Σαμουηλίδης, Ιστορία του Ποντιακού Ελληνισμού, εκδοτ. Οίκος Αφών Κυριακίδη, Θεσσαλονίκη 1992
Ι. Κ. Χασιώτης (επιμ.), Οι Έλληνες της Ρωσίας και της Σοβιετικής Ένωσης, Θεσσαλονίκη 1997
D. Panzac, La peste dans l’Empire Οttoman 1700-1850, Louvain 1985.
Θεοδ. Κυριακίδης, «Απρόσκλητοι και ανεπιθύμητοι επισκέπτες στην πόλη: επιδημικές ασθένειες στην ύστερη οθωμανική Τραπεζούντα (18ος – 19ος αι.), στο συλλογικό τόμο Ε Ιστορικά της Ελευθεροτυπίας με τίτλο: Η σφαγή των Ποντίων, Μάιος 2009, σ. 9-38
Βρετανικές προξενικές εκθέσεις, PRO/ FO 195/294 (1847-1870)
Charles Issawi, The economic history of Turkey 1800-1914, Σικάγο, Λονδίνο 1980.
Üner Α. Turgay, “Trade and Merchants in Nineteenth-Century Trabzon: Elements of Ethnic Conflict”, Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire, ed. Benjamin Braude and Bernard Lewis, τ. 1, Λονδίνο 1982, σ. 287-318.
Κυριάκος Στ. Χατζηκυριακίδης, Το Ελντοράντο της Ανατολής. Η διείσδυση των ευρωπαϊικών εταιρειών στα μεταλλεία της Μ. Ασίας (1861-1923), Θεσσαλονίκη 2008.