Course Content (Syllabus)
The tricarboxylic acid cycle
Bioenergetics principles and the ATP cycle.The flow sheet of respiration, oxidative respiration, intracellulara location of the enzymes of Krebs cycle, the reactions of Krebs cycle, anaplerotic reactions, regulation of Krebs cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, oxidation-reduction enzymes and electron transport, the respiratory chain, inhibitors of electron transport, proton exchanges during electron transport, microsomal electron transport, superoxide dismutase and catalase , electron transport in other systems.
Carbohydrates
Sugars, storage polysaccharides and cell walls. Glycoproteins and proteoglycans. Glycose metabolism. The stages of glycolysis. The phosphogluconate pathway. Metabolism of oligo- and polysaccharides, polysaccharide biosynthesis. Photosynthesis. Biosynthesis of mono- and glucose derivatives from glycose. Glycogen biosynthesis and degradation.
Lipids
The biosynthesis of lipids.Lipoproteins .Lipid metabolism. Biosynthesis of trialcylglycerols, biosynthesis of phosphoglycerides,Genetic disorders in metabolism of the complex lipids, the pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis, biosynthesis of prostagladins.
Proteins
The biosynthesis of amino acids and some derivatives: Metabolism of inorganic nitrogen.essential and non essential amino acids. Nitrogen fixin organism, enzymic mechanism of nitrogen fixation, other steps in nitrogen cycle.
Inorganic Compounds in Biological Systems: Cell Membrane Structure, Water and Inorganic Ion Transport-Water Channels-Ion-Ion Pumps-Ion-Carriers-Ionophores-Recovery, Movement, Metabolism and Storage of Iron-Oxide- vitamins. Water-soluble vitamins.
Metabolic Control: Hormones - Hormone Receptors. Second messages, cytokines, interferons.
Keywords
Biological oxidation, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Amino Acids, Inorganic Compounds in Biological Systems, Hormones