Course Content (Syllabus)
• Introduction to the science of Ηydrogeology (history, evolution), Statistical concepts in Hydrology.
• The hydrologic cycle. River basin and its characteristics (shape, basin analysis, water divide, drainage network analysis).
• Surface Hydrology. Hydrological balance and estimation of its parameters (precipitation, evapotranspiration, surface runoff, infiltration), Hydrologic balance in a river basin.
• Flood Hydrograph, Estimation of peak flood.
• Mechanical properties of water (density, viscosity, compressibility, capillary effect). Continuity principle and Bernoulli equation.
• Storage of groundwater in geological formations, Porosity (total and effective porosity). Vertical distribution of groundwater, Divisions of groundwater (hygroscopic, gravitational, capillary), Specific yield and specific retention, Unsaturated (vadose) and saturated zone. The concept of permeability.
• Aquifers, Types of aquifers (confined, unconfined, artesian). Properties of aquifers (storativity, homogeneity and isotropy).
• Groundwater movement. The concept of hydraulic head. Hydraulic gradient. Darcy's Law and its limitations. Hydraulic conductivity and methods for its calculation. Aquifer transmissivity. Groundwater flows (laminar, turbulent). Forces on the porous medium (quick sand phenomena).
• Groundwater level measurements, Isopiezometric maps and flow networks, Groundwater level fluctuations. Subsidence due to overexploitation.
• Geological formations as aquifers: Porous aquifers in granular rocks, aquifers in fractured rocks, karst aquifers and their characteristics.
• Springs: Types of springs, hydrograph, Karst springs.
• Groundwater flow simulation.
• Groundwater Quality-Hydrochemistry.
Keywords
Groundwater, Aquifer, Hydrological balance, River basin, Hydraulic head, Springs, Groundwater flow simulation