Seismology

Course Information
TitleΣΕΙΣΜΟΛΟΓΙΑ / Seismology
CodeNGGP 305Y
FacultySciences
SchoolGeology
Cycle / Level1st / Undergraduate
Teaching PeriodWinter
CoordinatorAnastasia Kiratzi
CommonNo
StatusActive
Course ID600019027

Programme of Study: PPS-Tmīma Geōlogías (2020-sīmera)

Registered students: 137
OrientationAttendance TypeSemesterYearECTS
KORMOSCompulsory Course325

Class Information
Academic Year2023 – 2024
Class PeriodWinter
Faculty Instructors
Instructors from Other Categories
Weekly Hours4
Class ID
600235473
Course Type 2016-2020
  • Scientific Area
Course Type 2011-2015
Specific Foundation / Core
Mode of Delivery
  • Face to face
Digital Course Content
Erasmus
The course is also offered to exchange programme students.
Language of Instruction
  • Greek (Instruction, Examination)
  • English (Instruction, Examination)
Learning Outcomes
1) Understanding of the basic principles of Seismology 2) Connection of theoretical knowledge with practical exercises 3) Learning the basic principles of seismic wave generation and propagation in the interior of the Earth 4) Learning of the estimation of the basic seismic parameters. 5) Understanding the processes of earthquake generation and their space-time distribution 6) Understanding the methods and the problems of earthquake prediction (short, intermediate and long term) 7) Estimation of seismicity parameters using various methods 8) Understanding the macroseismic effects of the earthquakes on the soil, sea and humans.
General Competences
  • Apply knowledge in practice
  • Retrieve, analyse and synthesise data and information, with the use of necessary technologies
  • Make decisions
  • Work autonomously
  • Work in teams
  • Respect natural environment
  • Advance free, creative and causative thinking
Course Content (Syllabus)
1) INTRODUCTION: Main target of the science of Seismology. Research methods in Seismology. Scientific and social importance of Seismology. Short history of Seismology. 2) PRINCIPLES OF ELASTICITY THEORY AND ELASTIC WAVES: Traction vectors at a point, stress tensor, equilibrium conditions, principal stresses, units and values of stress inside the Earth. Strain at a point of a body, normal and shear stresses, rotation, stress-strain relations, elastic constants. Equation of motion, wave equation, equation of vector wave. Elastic body waves: Compressional and shear waves, reflection and refraction of body waves Snell’s low. Surface waves: Rayleigh and Love waves, dispersion of surface waves. 3) INSTRUMENTS OF SEISMIC WAVE RECORDING: Basic principles of seismograph operation, eigen period of a pendulum and ways of changing it, attenuation of a pendulum motion. Theory of seismometers: Equation of motion of the pendulum of a seismometer, response of this motion to the seismic motion. Electromagnetic seismometers and their calibration, digital seismographs and broad-band seismometers. 4) SEISMIC WAVES AND THEIR PROPAGATION INSIDE THE EARTH: Earthquake foci, epicenter, time of origin, travel time curves of seismic body waves, seismic waves velocity versus depth. Seismic wave propagation in the Earth’s crust, mantle and core. Surface wave propagation, free oscillations of the Earth. Attenuation of seismic waves. 5) SEISMOMETRY: Measurement of the arrival time and the period of seismic waves. Fourier spectrum of seismic waves. Particle motion. Travel time curves, estimation of the epicentral distance and the origin time of an earthquake. Estimation of the coordinates of the earthquake foci: Estimation of the epicenter applying the graphical method (travel time differences of P and S waves) using more than two stations, application of the Wadati method for the estimation of the focal depth. Magnitude of an earthquake, different magnitude scales, magnitude saturation, correlation between different magnitude scales. Seismic energy. 6) EARTHQUAKE GENERATION AND THEIR SPACE-TIME DISTRIBUTION: Models of shallow depth and deep focus earthquake generation. Asperity and barrier model of seismic faults. Time distribution of seismicity: The seismic cycle, seismic sequences, accelerating and decelerating seismicity, induced seismicity. Time independent and time dependent seismicity. 7) EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION: Long term earthquake prediction: Seismic cycle for slip and time predictable models, the methods of seismic gaps and static stress (Coulomb stress) change. Intermediate term earthquake prediction: Method od decelerating inside and accelerating outside seismic deformation. Short term earthquake prediction: Earthquake precursors and their physical explanation. Social impact of earthquake prediction. 8) MACROSEISMIC EFFECTS OF EARTQUAKES: Effects on the soil, the water ((Seiches), the sea (tsunamis), and the structures. Effects on the humans and the animals. Estimation of the macro seismic effects, seismic intensity scales, seismic intensity curves. 9) ANTHROPOGENIC QUAKES: Artificial laboratory shock waves. Microseismic noise. Nuclear explosions: energy and magnitude of nuclear explosions, detection of nuclear explosion and their discrimination from earthquakes. Shocks due to chemical explosions. Structure and contain of exercises 1. Seismological instruments and seismological networks (at the Seismological Station site). Instrument response, practice related to the recording of ground motion including spectrum and response curves for each station. 2. Earthquake location and magnitude estimation using the scolv tool. 3. Construction of travel time curves. 4. Seismogram interpretation. 5. Determination of the Vp/Vs ratio using the Wadati method - particle motion. 6. Earthquake location using the graphic method. 7. Estimation of seismicity using the Gutenberg-Richter method. 8. Estimation of seismicity using the Gumbel method. 9. Seismic motion spectrum. 10. Macroseismic effects – Construction of isoseismal map. 11. Study of earthquake sequences (calculation of parameters a, b, spatiotemporal distribution). 12. Retun periods, – Probabilities - Poisson distribution. 13. Revision exercises.
Keywords
Elasticity, seismic waves, seismic source parameters, seismology, earhquakes, earthquake prediction, macroseismic effects of earthquakes.
Educational Material Types
  • Notes
  • Slide presentations
  • Video lectures
  • Book
Use of Information and Communication Technologies
Use of ICT
  • Use of ICT in Course Teaching
  • Use of ICT in Laboratory Teaching
  • Use of ICT in Communication with Students
  • Use of ICT in Student Assessment
Description
1) All class material is available in electronic form to all students through the course web page 2) The teacher communicates with students through email and Facebook 3) The class evaluation is performed through the Quality Assurance Unit (MO.DI.P.)
Course Organization
ActivitiesWorkloadECTSIndividualTeamworkErasmus
Lectures52
Laboratory Work65
Reading Assigment3
Field trips and participation in conferences / seminars / activities2
Exams3
Total125
Student Assessment
Description
Quality management system of the Quality Assurance Unit (MO.DI.P.)
Student Assessment methods
  • Written Exam with Multiple Choice Questions (Formative, Summative)
  • Written Exam with Short Answer Questions (Formative, Summative)
  • Written Exam with Extended Answer Questions (Formative, Summative)
  • Oral Exams (Formative, Summative)
  • Written Exam with Problem Solving (Formative, Summative)
Bibliography
Course Bibliography (Eudoxus)
1Α. "ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ ΣΤΗ ΣΕΙΣΜΟΛΟΓΙΑ", Β. ΠΑΠΑΖΑΧΟΣ, Γ. ΚΑΡΑΚΑΙΣΗΣ, Π. ΧΑΤΖΗΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΥ, ΕΚΔΟΣΕΙΣ ΖΗΤΗ, ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗ,ΣΕΛ. 517, 2005. 1Β. "ΣΕΙΣΜΟΙ ΚΑΙ ΜΕΤΡΑ ΠΡΟΣΤΑΣΙΑΣ", Β. ΠΑΠΑΖΑΧΟΣ ΚΑΙ Ι. ΔΡΑΚΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ, ΕΚΔΟΣΕΙΣ ΖΗΤΗ, ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗ, ΣΕΛ. 109, 1992. 2."ΓΕΝΙΚΗ ΣΕΙΣΜΟΛΟΓΙΑ", ΤΟΜΟΣ Α, Α. ΤΣΕΛΕΝΤΗΣ, ΕΚΔΟΣΕΙΣ Liberal Books, ΑΘΗΝΑ, 2018.
Additional bibliography for study
ΣΤΑ ΒΙΒΛΙΑ ΔΙΝΟΝΤΑΙ ΛΙΣΤΕΣ ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑΣ (ΕΙΔΙΚΑ ΣΤΟ ΠΡΩΤΟ ΣΥΓΓΡΑΜΑ ΔΙΝΕΤΑΙ Η ΒΑΣΙΚΟΤΕΡΗ ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ ΑΝΑ ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ) 1. S. Stein and M. Wysession, An Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes and Earth Structure, Blackwell Publishing, 498 pp., 2005. 2. T. Lay and T.C. Wallace, Modern Global Seismology, Academic Press, 517 pp., 1995.
Last Update
10-03-2020