Learning Outcomes
The course aims to introduce students to important structural properties of materials at the microscale and the nanoscale, as well as on their influence on macroscopic behavior. The students will become familiar with basic concepts concerning the construction and description of advanced material structures and defects and will become acquainted with technologically important structures of elements and chemical compounds. They will also acquire introductory knowledge on techniques for the study and analysis of matter using Microscopy, particularly Electron Microscopy, that are important today for elucidating the structural properties and stoichiometry of materials down to the nanoscale and the atomic scale.
Course Content (Syllabus)
Factors that define the crystal structure, Bonds, Cohesive energy, Madelung constant, Pauling rules, Close-packing, Interstices.
Characteristic crystal structures of engineering materials (metals, ceramics), Polymorphism, Polytypism, Solid solutions, Order-disorder, Polycrystalline materials, Nanocrystalline materials, Structural defects (point defects, line defects, extended defects, 3D defects), Amorphous and polymeric materials, Quasicrystals.
Crystal symmetry and symmetry principles, Symmetry operations and groups, Variants, Holohedry, Symmorphic and nonsymmorphic groups, Centrosymmetric and noncentrosymmetric crystals.
Transmission electron microscopy: Electron-matter interactions, Basic operation modes. Electron diffraction. Imaging of defects and interfaces. Nanoscopy and atomic resolution electron microscopy. Scanning-transmission electron microscopy. Spectroscopic techniques. Applications.
Surface scanning microscopies: Scanning electron microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, atomic force microscopy. Applications.