Course Content (Syllabus)
Comparative
Open (insect) and closed (fish) circulatory systems. The function of mechanoreceptors in invertebrates. Lateral line and sound detection in the fish. Comparison of electrical and chemical synapses. Structure and function of the Central Nervous System in coelentarata, polychaits, insects mollusks. Function of insect neuromuscular junctions and the effects of organophosphates and other compounds on the synapses. The functional significance of the squid giant axon. An attempt to explain behavior at the level of single neurons. Neuroendocrine mechanisms in invertebrates. Endocrine systems in vertebrates. Hypothalamus – pituitary. Hormonal control of metamorphosis in invertebrates and vertebrates. Hormonal regulation of colour. Comparative reproductive physiology. Microfilaments and movement. Muscles and movement. Microtubules and movement. Determination of metabolic rate in animals. Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in animals. Metabolic depression in animals. Environment and thermoregulation. Endothermic and exothermic animals. Thermoregulation in endothermic and exothermic animals.
Environmental
This subject examines: Adaptive principles in hypoxic environments. Adaptation of invertebrates to hypoxia. Adaptation of vertebrates to diving. Adaptation of vertebrates to high altitude. Osmoregulation of marine invertebrates to hypotonic and hypertonic environment. Osmoregulation of aquatic vertebrates. Osmoregulation of animals extreme conditions of land environment. Effect of temperature on cell functions. Ρegulatory mechanisms of loss and production οf metabolic heat. Thermoreguation mechanisms at extreme environmental condtions.