Course Content (Syllabus)
The aim of the course is to offer an overview of the fundamental aspect of meaning in language and linguistics. Both levels of linguistic analysis, Semantics and Pragmatics, deal with meaning though from a different perspective.
The first part of the course deals with different types of meaning at the level of words and sentences:
(A) Words, meanings, concepts: a word has various meanings (possibly related ones: polysemy) but also a certain concept is expressed by different words (synonyms, near-synonyms). The first aim is the study of how the meanings, or the senses, of words are related to one another and to entities in our world (reference).
(B) Literal vs non-literal meaning: word senses can be central or prototypical; they can also extend to less central domains on the basis of cognitive processes such as metaphor, metonymy.
The second part of the course deals with usage-based aspects of meaning:
(C) Doing things with words: what do speakers “do” with language when they interact? Communicative intentions, performance of speech acts, various strategies (politeness, …) are some of the devices employed by speakers of languages to specific situations of use.
Finally, (D) Language, culture, mind: language reflects speakers’ conceptual world. The questions to be answered are: does our language influence the way we think? How deeply do language and culture influence one another? (culture-specific words, culture-specific grammar).
Keywords
meaning, concept, semantic relations, prototypicality, speech acts, culture
Additional bibliography for study
Fromkin, V., R. Rodman, N. Hyams. 2007. An Introduction to Language, 8th edition. Chapter 5.
Hurford, J. & B. Heasley. 1983. Semantics: a coursebook. CUP. Pp. 1-61, 219-249.
Leech, G. 1983. Principles of Pragmatics. Longman. London and New York. Pp. 79-90.
Saeed, I. John. 1997. Semantics. Blackwell. Pp: 3-50, 299-319.
Yule, G. 2010. The Study of Language, 4th edition. CUP. Chapters 9, 10, 11.