Learning Outcomes
The course's objective is to promote the understanding of the physicochemical principles of pharmaceutics, and the interrelations between the physical properties of the raw materials and those of the pharmaceutical formulations and final dosage forms.
With the aforementioned knowledge the students will be able to choose the required composition, methods and conditions of manufacturing, as well as storage of a pharmaceutical preparation, in order to optimize its stability.
Course Content (Syllabus)
Gases-vapors-supercritical fluids: Physical properties, applications.
Solids: Crystalline state: structure, polymorphism, optical properties, imperfections. Phase transitions. Solvates - Hydrates, co-crystals, salts. Amorphous state: preparation, properties (glass transition), advantages. Solid dispersions: Types and methods of manufacture.
Solubility and solution properties: solubility, thermodynamic properties of solvents, solvents. Ionization of drugs in solutions (weak acids, bases, ampholytic drugs, buffers). Osmotic solution properties. Partition between immiscible solvents. Diffusion (Fick's laws, membrane permeability and experimental diffusion study). Solution rate: Noyes-Whitney Act, endogenous dissolution rate.
Stability of drugs: chemical disruption of drugs, mechanisms and kinetics of disintegration in solutions, mechanisms and kinetics of solid degradation.
Rheology: Viscosity, Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids (plastic, pseudoplastic and expanding flow), thixotropy, experimental determination of viscosity.
Surface - interfacial phenomena: surface tension - spreading - solidification of solids - experimental determination of the surface tension factor. Tachyactive substances - micelles - solubilization - liquid crystals.
Bulky dispersion systems: DLVO theory of stability of dispersion systems. Suspensions, emulsions, microemulsions (preparation, stability).
Polymer science elements: classification, molecular characterization, synthesis, crystallinity, dissolution (Flory-Huggins theory), swelling, polymer applications in pharmacy. The course includes laboratory practical exercises. The processing of the experimental data, as well as their presentation, requires the use of a computer.