Learning Outcomes
The student will identify and evaluate the interaction of climatic, physical and geological parameters with the microbiological record of the oceans, become familiar with the concepts of biomarkers and their importance in modern research.
Course Content (Syllabus)
Paleoclimatic record, periods of stratification-increased productivity and paleocycling in the global ocean, carbon fluxes in sediments, ocean acidification, primary productivity and bioproductivity and bioremediation. Atmospheric CO2, greenhouse effects, earth's thermostat and climate change mechanisms; seafloor sediment core data. The isotopic record and Milankovich cycles, Dansgaard cycles, Heinrich events. Greenhouse phenomena in the paleocean-paleoclimate analogues, the Paleocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), the Middle Miocene Climate Optimum (MMCO) and the Middle Pliocene Climate Optimum (MPWp). Paleoceanography of the Mediterranean during the Upper Cenozoic and deposition of sapropelic strata, biogenic and geochemical palaeoindicators. Organic biomarkers and chemical 'microfossils', alkenones and paleotemperatures. Interaction of microbial biota (biosphere) with the ever-changing lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. Elements of molecular biology, elements of microbiology. The role of organisms in geological processes. Microbes and extreme environments. Global biogeochemical cycles and the role of organisms. Origin and evolution of life (ancient and bacteria, molecular biomarkers), biodiversity, deep biosphere (the microbial ecosystem of the upper parts of seabed sediments and of gas and oil fields).