Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
1. Determine the characteristic elements of grazing management plans, including grazing capacity, stocking rate, forage utilization percentage, range health, and proper use.
2. Plan the implementation of modern grazing systems, such as creep grazing, in the mainland and island rangelands of the country.
3. Become familiar with the infrastructure projects in rangelands and their importance in ensuring uniform grazing distribution and the rational management of rangelands.
4. Practice methods for improving rangelands.
5. Learn about the inventory methodology for the rangelands.
Course Content (Syllabus)
Introduction to the course Management and Improvement of rangelands - relationship with other related sciences. Determination of quantitative (forage production, vegetation cover, composition of vegetation, height of vegetation or plants) and qualitative characteristics of herbaceous and woody species (nutritional value, digestibility, palatability). Plants of high nutritional value for grazing animals and poisonous plants. Intake, diet selection, and feeding preferences of grazing animals. Proper use of rangelands (definition, importance for rational management, indicators for grasslands and shrublands, overstocking indicators). Forage utilization percentage, methods for its determination in grasslands and shrublands. Key areas, key plant species, and their importance in management plans. Concept of stocking rate and stocking density, calculation at the level of rangeland unit and geographical region. Carrying capacity and grazing capacity. Factors that determine grazing capacity size and methods for its calculation. Reasons for grazing capacity adjustments. Plant grazing coefficients and factors affecting them. Range health. Reasons for rangeland degradation and planning for rangeland improvement. Aim, process, conditions, and economic effects of implementing grazing systems. Planning and implementation of the creep grazing system for small ruminants in the rangelands of the mainland and the islands of Greece to increase animal production. Control (mechanical, chemical, biological) of undesirable plants. Prescribed burning and conditions for its application. Seeding and fertilization in rangelands. Conditions and rules of application of organic fertilization in Greece. Infrastructure projects in rangelands (watering troughs, salt placement sites, fences, roads, trails, sheds, stables, anti-parasitic baths, and animal grooming stations) that contribute to the even distribution of grazing and rational management of rangelands. Rangeland Inventory, Range policy. Design grazing management schemes for wooded and sub-alpine rangelands in the University forest of Pertouli Trikala.