Additional bibliography for study
Minimally Invasive Non-Surgical Technique (MINST)
1. Aimetti, M., Ferrarotti, F., Mariani, G. M., & Romano, F. (2017). A novel flapless approach versus minimally invasive surgery in periodontal regeneration with enamel matrix derivative proteins: a 24-month randomized controlled clinical trial. Clinical Oral Investigations, 21(1), 327–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1795-2
2. Nibali, L., Pometti, D., Chen, T. T., & Tu, Y. K. (2015). Minimally invasive non-surgical approach for the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects: A retrospective analysis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 42(9), 853–859. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12443
3. Nibali, L., Yeh, Y. C., Pometti, D., & Tu, Y. K. (2018). Long-term stability of intrabony defects treated with minimally invasive non-surgical therapy. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 45(12), 1458–1464. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13021
4. Ribeiro, F. V., Casarin, R. C. V., Palma, M. A. G., Júnior, F. H. N., Sallum, E. A., & Casati, M. Z. (2011). Clinical and Patient-Centered Outcomes After Minimally Invasive Non-Surgical or Surgical Approaches for the Treatment of Intrabony Defects: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Periodontology, 82(9), 1256–1266. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2011.100680
5. Anoixiadou S, Parashis A, Vouros I. Enamel matrix derivative as an adjunct to minimally invasive non-surgical treatment of intrabony defects: A randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2022 Feb;49(2):134-143. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13567. Epub 2021 Nov 9. PMID: 34708441.
Modern protocols of antimicrobial therapy – local, systematic administration
1. Antibiotics/antimicrobials: systemic and local administration in the therapy of mild to moderately advanced periodontitis. Jepsen K, Jepsen S.Periodontol 2000. 2016 Jun;71(1):82-112.
2. Systematic review and meta-analysis on the nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis by means of scaling and root planing with or without adjuncts. Smiley CJ, et al.J Am Dent Assoc. 2015 Jul;146(7):508-2
3. Evidence-based clinical practice guideline on the nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis by means of scaling and root planing with or without adjuncts. Smiley CJ, et al. J Am Dent Assoc. 2015
Immuno-regulation
1. Hajishengallis G, Hasturk H, Lambris JD; Contributing authors. C3-targeted therapy in periodontal disease: moving closer to the clinic. Trends Immunol. 2021 Oct;42(10):856-864. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2021.08.001. Epub 2021 Sep 2. PMID: 34483038; PMCID: PMC8487962.
2. Nile CJ, Apatzidou DA, Awang RA, Riggio MP, Kinane DF, Lappin DF. The effect of periodontal scaling and root polishing on serum IL-17E concentrations and the IL-17A:IL-17E ratio. Clin Oral Investig. 2016 Dec;20(9):2529-2537. doi: 10.1007/s00784-016-1749-8. Epub 2016 Feb 18. PMID: 26888221.
3. Abusleme L, Moutsopoulos NM. IL-17: overview and role in oral immunity and microbiome. Oral Dis. 2017 Oct;23(7):854-865. doi: 10.1111/odi.12598. Epub 2016 Dec 27. PMID: 27763707; PMCID: PMC5398954.
4. Alvarez C, Rojas C, Rojas L, Cafferata EA, Monasterio G, Vernal R. Regulatory T Lymphocytes in Periodontitis: A Translational View. Mediators Inflamm. 2018 Apr 2;2018:7806912. doi: 10.1155/2018/7806912. PMID: 29805313; PMCID: PMC5901475.
5. Hajishengallis G, Liang S, Payne MA, Hashim A, Jotwani R, Eskan MA, McIntosh ML, Alsam A, Kirkwood KL, Lambris JD, Darveau RP, Curtis MA. Low-abundance biofilm species orchestrates inflammatory periodontal disease through the commensal microbiota and complement. Cell Host Microbe. 2011 Nov 17;10(5):497-506. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2011.10.006. Epub 2011 Oct 27. PMID: 22036469; PMCID: PMC3221781.
6. Hajishengallis G, Kajikawa T, Hajishengallis E, Maekawa T, Reis ES, Mastellos DC, Yancopoulou D, Hasturk H, Lambris JD. Complement-Dependent Mechanisms and Interventions in Periodontal Disease. Front Immunol. 2019 Mar 12;10:406. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00406. PMID: 30915073; PMCID: PMC6422998.
7. Chipashvili O, Utter DR, Bedree JK, Ma Y, Schulte F, Mascarin G, Alayyoubi Y, Chouhan D, Hardt M, Bidlack F, Hasturk H, He X, McLean JS, Bor B. Episymbiotic Saccharibacteria suppresses gingival inflammation and bone loss in mice through host bacterial modulation. Cell Host Microbe. 2021 Nov 10;29(11):1649-1662.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.09.009. Epub 2021 Oct 11. PMID: 34637779; PMCID: PMC8595704.
8. Nussbaum G, Shapira L. How has neutrophil research improved our understanding of periodontal pathogenesis? J Clin Periodontol. 2011 Mar;38 Suppl 11:49-59. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01678.x. PMID: 21323704.
9. Sima C, Viniegra A, Glogauer M. Macrophage immunomodulation in chronic osteolytic diseases-the case of periodontitis. J Leukoc Biol. 2019 Mar;105(3):473-487. doi: 10.1002/JLB.1RU0818-310R. Epub 2018 Nov 19. PMID: 30452781; PMCID: PMC6386606.
Laser application and photodynamic therapy in Periodontology - Basic principles of Laser application in dentistry, types of Lasers, the effect of Laser radiation on hard and soft tissues - Side effects and risks in the use of Lasers
1. Lasers in Periodontics: a review of the litera¬ture. Cobb, C. M. (2006) Journal of Periodontology 77, 545-564.
2. The effect of laser therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical peri¬odontal treatment in subjects with chronic periodontitis: a sys¬tematic review. Karlsson, M. R., Diogo Löfgren C. I. & Jansson, H. M. (2008) Journal of Periodontology 79, 2021-2028.
3. The effect of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser in non-surgical periodontal therapy. Slot, D. E., Kranendonk, A. A., Paraskevas S. & van der Wei¬jden F. (2009) Journal of Periodontology 80, 1041-1056
4. Laser ap¬plication in non-surgical periodontal therapy: a systematic review. Schwarz, F., Aoki, A., Becker, J. & Sculean, A. (2008) Journal of Clinical Periodontology 35 (Suppl. 8), 29-44.
5. Innovations in non-surgical periodontal therapy: Consensus Report of the Sixth European Workshop on Periodontology. Sanz, M. & Teughels, W. (2008) Journal of Clinical Periodon¬tology 35 (Suppl. 8), 3-7.
6. Laser technology to manage periodontal disease: a valid concept? Low SB, Mott A. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2014 Jun;14 Suppl:154-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2014.03.010. Epub 2014 Mar 27.
7. Periodontal debridement: still the treatment of choice. Drisko CL. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2014 Jun;14 Suppl:33-41.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2014.02.007. Epub 2014 Feb 15.
8. Nonsurgical periodontal treatment: review of the evidence. Plessas A. Oral Health Dent Manag. 2014 Mar;13(1):71-80.
9. Systematic review of the adjunctive use of diode and Nd:YAG lasers for nonsurgical periodontalinstrumentation. Roncati M, Gariffo A. Photomed Laser Surg. 2014 Apr;32(4):186-97. doi: 10.1089/pho.2013.3695.
10. The effect of the thermal diode laser (wavelength 808-980 nm) in non-surgical periodontal therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Slot DE, Jorritsma KH, Cobb CM, Van der Weijden FA. J Clin Periodontol. 2014 Jul;41(7):681-92. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12233. Epub 2014 Jun 2.
11. Nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis. Sanz I, Alonso B, Carasol M, Herrera D, Sanz M. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2012 Sep;12(3 Suppl):76-86. doi: 10.1016/S1532-3382(12)70019-2. Review.
12. Effectiveness of diode laser as adjunctive therapy to scaling root planning in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a meta-analysis. Sgolastra F, Severino M, Gatto R, Monaco A.
13. Lasers Med Sci. 2013 Sep;28(5):1393-402. doi: 10.1007/s10103-012-1181-5. Epub 2012 Aug 16. Review
14. Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sgolastra F, Petrucci A, Gatto R, Marzo G, Monaco A.
15. Lasers Med Sci. 2013 Feb;28(2):669-82. doi: 10.1007/s10103-011-1002-2. Epub 2011 Oct 16. Review.
16. Efficacy of Er:YAG laser in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sgolastra F, Petrucci A, Gatto R, Monaco A.
17. Lasers Med Sci. 2012 May;27(3):661-73. doi: 10.1007/s10103-011-0928-8. Epub 2011 May 7. Review.
18. Photodynamic therapy as an adjunctive treatment for chronic periodontitis: a meta-analysis. Atieh MA.Lasers Med Sci. 2010 Jul;25(4):605-13. doi: 10.1007/s10103-009-0744-6. Epub 2009 Dec 19.
19. Are lasers as effective as scaling for chronic periodontitis? Niederman R.Evid Based Dent. 2011;12(3):80-1. doi: 10.1038/sj.ebd.6400811.
20. Diode laser offers minimal benefit for periodontal therapy. Cobb CM, Blue MS, Beaini NE, Umaki MR, Satheesh KM. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2012 Apr;33(4):e67-73. Review.
21. Surgical and nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Learned and unlearned concepts. Heitz-Mayfield LJ, Lang NP. Periodontol 2000. 2013 Jun;62(1):218-31. doi: 10.1111/prd.12008. Review.
22. Calculus removal and the prevention of its formation. Jepsen S, Deschner J, Braun A, Schwarz F, Eberhard J. Periodontol 2000. 2011 Feb;55(1):167-88. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2010.00382.x. Review.
23. Laser phototherapy in the treatment of periodontal disease. A review. de Paula Eduardo C, de Freitas PM, Esteves-Oliveira M, Aranha AC, Ramalho KM, Simões A, Bello-Silva MS, Tunér J.
24. Lasers Med Sci. 2010 Nov;25(6):781-92. doi: 10.1007/s10103-010-0812-y. Epub 2010 Jul 17. Review.
25. Adjunctive periodontal therapy: a review of current techniques. Bader HI.Dent Today. 2010 Jul;29(7):94-6, 98; quiz 98, 103. Review.
26. Lasers and the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Cobb CM, Low SB, Coluzzi DJ. Dent Clin North Am. 2010 Jan;54(1):35-53. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2009.08.007. Review.
27. Photodynamic therapy as an adjunctive treatment for chronic periodontitis: a meta-analysis. Atieh MA. Lasers Med Sci. 2010 Jul;25(4):605-13. doi: 10.1007/s10103-009-0744-6. Epub 2009 Dec 19.
28. Application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in periodontal and peri-implant diseases. Takasaki AA, Aoki A, Mizutani K, Schwarz F, Sculean A, Wang CY, Koshy G, Romanos G, Ishikawa I, Izumi Y. Periodontol 2000. 2009;51:109-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2009.00302.x. Review.
29. The impact of laser application on periodontal and peri-implant wound healing. Schwarz F, Aoki A, Sculean A, Becker J. Periodontol 2000. 2009;51:79-108. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2009.00301.x. Review.
30. The effect of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser in non-surgical periodontal therapy. Slot DE, Kranendonk AA, Paraskevas S, Van der Weijden F. J Periodontol. 2009 Jul;80(7):1041-56. doi: 10.1902/jop.2009.080571. Review.
31. Application of lasers in periodontics: true innovation or myth? Ishikawa I, Aoki A, Takasaki AA, Mizutani K, Sasaki KM, Izumi Y. Periodontol 2000. 2009;50:90-126. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2008.00283.x. Review
32. Current status of clinical laser applications in periodontal therapy.
33. Aoki A, Mizutani K, Takasaki AA, Sasaki KM, Nagai S, Schwarz F, Yoshida I, Eguro T, Zeredo JL, Izumi Y.Gen Dent. 2008 Nov-Dec;56(7):674-87; quiz 688-9, 767. Review
34. The use of lasers in periodontal therapy. Coleton S.Gen Dent. 2008 Nov-Dec;56(7):612-6. Review.
35. Clinical application of erbium:YAG laser in periodontology. Ishikawa I, Aoki A, Takasaki AA.J Int Acad Periodontol. 2008 Jan;10(1):22-30. Review.
Probiotics in Periodontology
1. Probiotics and periodontal disease. Stamatova I, Meurman JH.Periodontol 2000. 2009;51:141-51.
2. Probiotics and Periodontitis - A Literature Review. Gatej S, Gully N, Gibson R, Bartold PM. J Int Acad Periodontol. 2017 Apr 1;19(2):42-50.
Occlusal trauma and periodontal disease
1. Dommisch H, Walter C, Difloe-Geisert JC, Gintaute A, Jepsen S, Zitzmann NU. Efficacy of tooth splinting and occlusal adjustment in patients with periodontitis exhibiting masticatory dysfunction: A systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2021 Dec 1. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13563. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34854115.
2. Inchingolo AD, Di Cosola M, Inchingolo AM, Greco Lucchina A, Malcangi G, Pettini F, Scarano A, Bordea IR, Hazballa D, Lorusso F, Inchingolo F, Dipalma G. Correlation between occlusal trauma and oral microbiota: a microbiological investigation. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2021 Mar-Apr;35(2 Suppl. 1):295-302. doi: 10.23812/21-2supp1-29. PMID: 34281326.
3. Passanezi E, Sant'Ana ACP. Role of occlusion in periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2019 Feb;79(1):129-150. doi: 10.1111/prd.12251. PMID: 30892765.
4. Wang HL, Decker AM. Effects of Occlusion on Periodontal Wound Healing. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2018 Oct;39(9):608-612; quiz 613. PMID: 30299110.
5. Fan J, Caton JG. Occlusal trauma and excessive occlusal forces: Narrative review, case definitions, and diagnostic considerations. J Periodontol. 2018 Jun;89 Suppl 1:S214-S222. doi: 10.1002/JPER.16-0581. PMID: 29926937.
6. Chapter 17, Lindhe Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, 6th edition
Periodontal disease in children and adolescents – treatment approach I, II
1. Fine DH, Patil AG, Loos BG. Classification and diagnosis of aggressive periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2018 Jun;89 Suppl 1:S103-S119. doi: 10.1002/JPER.16-0712. PMID: 29926947.
2. Bilder L, Stepco E, Unkuta D, Sgan-Cohen H, Aizenbud D, Bilder A, Machtei EE. Periodontal Status Among Schoolchildren in the Republic of Moldova: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Pathfinder Study Design. Int Dent J. 2021 Feb;71(1):63-66. doi: 10.1111/idj.12599. Epub 2021 Jan 12. PMID: 33616054.
3. Barbosa MCF, Reis CLB, Lopes CMCF, Madalena IR, Küchler EC, Baratto-Filho F, Storrer CLM, Lima DC, Oliveira DSB. Assessing the Association Between Nutritional Status, Caries, and Gingivitis in Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study. Glob Pediatr Health. 2021 Mar 12;8:2333794X211001237. doi: 10.1177/2333794X211001237. PMID: 33786340; PMCID: PMC7961701.
4. Albandar JM, Tinoco EM. Global epidemiology of periodontal diseases in children and young persons. Periodontol 2000. 2002;29:153-76. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0757.2002.290108.x. PMID: 12102707.
5. Albandar JM, Susin C, Hughes FJ. Manifestations of systemic diseases and conditions that affect the periodontal attachment apparatus: Case definitions and diagnostic considerations. J Clin Periodontol. 2018 Jun;45 Suppl 20:S171-S189. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12947. PMID: 29926486.
6. Jenkins WM, Papapanou PN. Epidemiology of periodontal disease in children and adolescents. Periodontol 2000. 2001;26:16-32. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0757.2001.2260102.x. PMID: 11452904.
Facial symmetry and aesthetics
1. Ekrami O, Claes P, White JD, Weinberg SM, Marazita ML, Walsh S, Shriver MD, Dongen SV. A Multivariate Approach to Determine the Dimensionality of Human Facial Asymmetry. Symmetry (Basel). 2020 Mar;12(3):348. doi: 10.3390/sym12030348. Epub 2020 Mar 1. PMID: 33569240; PMCID: PMC7872143.
2. Margossian P, Laborde G, Koubi S, Tardivo D, Magne P. Determination of Facial References for Esthetic Restorative Treatment. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2021 Jan-Feb;41(1):113-119. doi: 10.11607/prd.4642. PMID: 33528459.
3. Romeo G. Smile makeover and the oral facial harmony concept in a new era: relationship between tooth shape and face configuration. Int J Esthet Dent. 2021 May 10;16(2):202-215. PMID: 33969975.
Mucogingival defects: epidemiology, etiology
1. American Academy of Periodontology (1999) Consensus Report: Mucogingival deformities and conditions around teeth. Annals of Periodontology, 4, 101.
2. Gorman, W. J. (1967) Prevalence and etiology of gingival recession. Journal of Periodontology, 38, 316-322.
3. Goutoudi, P., Koidis, P. T. & Konstantinidis, A. (1997) Gingival recession: a cross-sectional clinical investigation. European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry, 5, 57-61.
4. Hall, W. B. (1981) The current status of mucogingival problems and their therapy. Journal of Periodontology, 52, 569-575.
5. Kassab, M. M. & Cohen, R. E. (2003) The etiology and prevalence of gingival recession. Journal of the American Dental Association, 134, 220-225./
6. Kennedy, J. E., Bird, W. C., Palcanis, K. G. & Dorfman, H. S. (1985) A longitudinal evaluation of varying widths of attached gingiva. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 12, 667-675.
7. Khocht, A., Simon, G., Person, P. & Denepitiya, J. L. (1993) Gingival recession in relation to history of hard toothbrush use. Journal of Periodontology, 64, 900-905.
8. Lang, N. P. & Loe, H. (1972) The relationship between the width of keratinized gingiva and gingival health. Journal of Periodontology, 43, 623-627.
9. Loe, H., Anerud, A. & Boysen, H. (1992) The natural history of periodontal disease in man: prevalence, severity, and extent of gingival recession. Journal of Periodontology, 63, 489-495.
10. Maynard, J. G. & Wilson, R. D. (1979) Physiologic dimensions of the periodontium significant to the restorative dentist. Journal of Periodontology, 50, 170-174.
11. Miller, P.D. (1985) A classification of marginal tissue recession. International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry, 5(2), 9-13.
12. Miyasato, M., Crigger, M. & Egelberg, J. (1977) Gingival condition in areas of minimal and appreciable width of keratinized gingiva. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 4, 200-209.
13. Olsson, M. & Lindhe, J. (1991) Periodontal characteristics in individuals with varying form of the upper central incisors. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 18, 78-82.
14. Serino, G., Wennstrom, J. L., Lindhe, J. & Eneroth, L. (1994) The prevalence and distribution of gingival recession in subjects with a high standard of oral hygiene. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 21, 57-63.
15. Smith, R. G. (1997) Gingival recession. Reappraisal of an enigmatic condition and a new index for monitoring. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 24, 201-205.
16. Stetler, K.J. & Bissada, N.B. (1987) Significance of the width of keratinized gingival on the periodontal status of teeth with subgingival restorations. Journal of Periodontology, 58, 696-700.
17. Wennstrom, J. & Lindhe, J. (1983b) Role of attached gingiva for maintenance of periodontal health. Healing following excisional and grafting procedures in dogs. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 10, 206-221.
18. Wennstrom, J., Lindhe, J. & Nyman, S. (1981) Role of keratinized gingiva for gingival health. Clinical and histologic study of normal and regenerated gingival tissue in dogs. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 8, 311-328.
19. Wennström, J.L. (1987) Lack of association between width of attached gingival and development of gingival recessions. A 5-year longitudinal study. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 14, 181-184.
20. Wennström, J.L. (1996) Mucogingival therapy. Annals of Periodontology, 1, 671-701.
Mucogingival defects: treatment procedures – therapeutic approach
1. Wennström Jan L. Mucogingival Therapy. Annals of Periodontology November 1996, Vol. 1, No. 1, Pages 671-701
2. Miller PD. A classification of marginal tissue recession. Int J Perio Restor Dent 5:9 - , 1985
3. Cortellini P, Bissada NF. Mucogingival conditions in the natural dentition: Narrative review, case definitions, and diagnostic considerations. J Periodontol. 2018;89(Suppl 1):S204–S213
Periodontal plastic surgery for root coverage – surgical techniques I, II
1. Harris RJ. The connective tissue and partial thickness double pedicle graft: a predictable method of obtaining root coverage. J Periodontol. 1992 May;63(5):477-86
2. Harris RJ. Root coverage with a connective tissue with partial thickness double pedicle graft and an acellular dermal matrix graft: a clinical and histological evaluation of a case report. J Periodontol. 1998 Nov;69(11):1305-11.
3. Grupe H, Warren RF. Repair of gingival defects by a sliding flap operation. J Periodontol 27:92-95, 1956
4. Grupe HE. Modified technique for sliding flap operation. J Periodontol 37:491-495, 1966
5. Cohen DW, Ross SE. The double papillae repositioned flap in periodontal therapy. JPeriodontol. 1968 Mar;39(2):65-70. PubMed PMID: 4870433.
6. Burton Langer and Laureen Langer. Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft Technique for Root Coverage. Journal of Periodontology, 1985(12), Vol. 56, No. 12, 715-720
7. Reiser G et al. The subepithelial connective tissue graft palatal donor site: Anatomic considerations for surgeon. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1996:16(2):131-138
8. Nelson SW. The subpedicle connective tissue graft. A bilaminar reconstructive procedure for the coverage of denuded root surfaces. J Periodontol. 1987 Feb;58(2):95-102.
9. Bruno JF. Connective tissue graft technique assuring wide root coverage. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1994 Apr;14(2):126-37
10. Blanes R; Allen E: The bilateral pedicle flap-tunnel technique: A new approach to cover connective tissue grafts. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1999:19(5);471-480
11. Tarnow DP: Semilunar coronally repositioned flap. J. Clin. Periodontol. 13:182-185, 1986
12. Cortellini, P., Tonetti, M., et al: Does placement of a connective tissue graft improve the outcomes of coronally advanced flap for coverage of single gingival recessions in upper anterior teeth: A multi-center, randomized double blind clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol2009; Jan 36(1):68-79
13. Mc Guire, M., Nunn, M: Evaluation of human recession defects treated with coronally advanced flaps and either enamel matrix derivative or connective tissue. Part1: Comparison of clinical parameters. J Periodontol, 2003: 75 (8):1110 – 25
14. Zucchelli G, De Sanctis M. Treatment of multiple recession-type defects in patients with esthetic demands. J Periodontol. 2000 Sep;71(9):1506-14
15. G. Zucchelli, T. Testori, M. De Sanctis. Clinical and Anatomical Factors Limiting Treatment Outcomes of Gingival Recession: A New Method to Predetermine the Line of Root Coverage. J Periodontol 2006;77:714-721
16. Zucchelli G, Mele M, Mazzotti C, Marzadori M, Montebugnoli L, De Sanctis M. Coronally advanced flap with and without vertical releasing incisions for the treatment of multiple gingival recessions: a comparative controlled randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol. 2009 Jul;80(7):1083-94
17. Zucchelli G, Marzadori M, Mele M, Stefanini M, Montebugnoli L. Root coverage in molar teeth: a comparative controlled randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39: 1082–1088
18. Zucchelli G, Mounssif I, Mazzotti C, Montebugnoli L, Sangiorgi M, Mele M, Stefanini M. Does the dimension of the graft influence patient morbidity and root coverage outcomes? A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41: 708–716
19. Zucchelli G, Marzadori M, Mounssif I, Mazzotti C, Stefanini M. Coronally advanced flap + connective tissue graft techniques for the treatment of deep gingival recession in the lower incisors. A controlled randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41: 806–813
20. Zucchelli G, Stefanini M, Ganz S, Mazzotti C, Mounssif I, Marzadori M. Coronally Advanced Flap with Different Designs in the Treatment of Gingival Recession: A Comparative Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2016 May-Jun;36(3):319-27
21. Giulio Rasperini, Raffaele Acunzo, Enrico Limiroli. Decision Making in Gingival Recession Treatment: Scientific Evidence and Clinical Experience. Clin Adv Periodontics 2011;1:41-52
22. Zuhr O, Rebele SF, Schneider D, Jung RE, Hurzeler MB. Tunnel technique with connective tissue graft versus coronally advanced flap with enamel matrix derivative for root coverage: a RCT using 3D digital measuring methods. Part I. Clinical and patient-centred outcomes. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 41: 582–592
23. Cieślik-Wegemund M, Wierucka-Młynarczyk B, Tanasiewicz M, Gilowski Ł. Tunnel Technique With Collagen Matrix Compared With Connective Tissue Graft for Treatment of Periodontal Recession: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Periodontol. 2016 Dec;87(12):1436-1443
24. Rasperini G, Acunzo R, Pellegrini G, Pagni G, Tonetti M, Pini Prato GP, Cortellini P. Predictor factors for long-term outcomes stability of coronally advanced flap with or without connective tissue graft in the treatment of single maxillary gingival recessions: 9 years results of a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2018 Sep;45(9):1107-1117
25. Tonetti MS, Cortellini P, Pellegrini G, et al. Xenogenic collagen matrix or autologous connective tissue graft as adjunct to coronally advanced flaps for coverage of multiple adjacent gingival recession: Randomized trial assessing non-inferiority in root coverage and superiority in oral health-related quality of life. J Clin Periodontol 2018;45:78–88
26. Pasquinelli K. The histology of new attachment utilizing a thick autogenous soft tissue graft in an area of deep recession; A case report. Int J Perio Res Dent 1995; 15: 249-57.
27. Harris RJ. Root coverage with a connective tissue with partial thickness double pedicle graft and an acellular dermal matrix graft: a clinical and histological evaluation of a case report. J Periodontol. 1998 Nov;69(11):1305-11.
28. Harris RJ. Human histologic evaluation of root coverage thickness obtained with a connective tissue with partial thickness double pedicle graft. A case report. J Periodontol 70:813-821, 1999
29. Majzoub Z, Landi L, Grusovin MG, Cordioli G. Histology of connective tissue graft. A case report. J Periodontol. 2001 Nov;72(11):1607-15
30. Bruno JF, Bowers GM. Histology of a human biopsy section following the placement of a subepithelial connective tissue graft. Int J Perio Rest Dent 20:225-231, 2000
31. McGuire M., Cochran D., Evaluation of human recession defects treated with coronally advanced flaps and either enamel matrix derivative or connective tissue. Parrrt 2: Histological evaluation. J Periodontol. 2003 Aug; 74(8):1126-35
32. McGuire MK, Scheyer ET, Schupbach P. A Prospective, Case-Controlled Study Evaluating the Use of Enamel Matrix Derivative on Human Buccal Recession Defects: A Human Histologic Examination. J Periodontol. 2016 Jun;87(6):645-53
33. Randall J. Harris. Creeping Attachment Associated With the Connective Tissue With Partial-Thickness Double Pedicle Graft. Journal of Periodontology Sep 1997, Vol. 68, No. 9, Pages 890-899
34. Silva CO, de Lima AF, Sallum AW, Tatakis DN. Coronally positioned flap for root coverage in smokers and non-smokers: stability of outcomes between 6 months and 2 years. J Periodontol. Sep;78(9):1702-7. 2007
35. De Queiroz Cortes A., Sallum A, et al: A two year prospective study of coronally positioned flap with or without acellular dermal matrix graft. J Clin Periodontol 2006 Sep; 33(9):683-9
36. Harris R. A short-term and long-term comparison of root coverage with an acellular dermal matrix and a subepithelial graft. J Periodontol 2004 May; 75(5):734-43
37. Pini-Prato GP, Cairo F, Nieri M, Franceschi D, Rotundo R, Cortellini P.Coronally advanced flap versus connective tissue graft in the treatment of multiple gingival recessions: a split-mouth study with a 5-year follow-up. J Clin Periodontol. 2010 Jul;37(7):644-50
38. Pini-Prato G, Franceschi D, Rotundo R, Cairo F, Cortellini P, Nieri M. Long-term 8-year outcomes of coronally advanced flap for root coverage. J Periodontol. 2012 May;83(5):590-4
39. Zucchelli G, De Sanctis M. Long-term outcome following treatment of multiple Miller class I and II recession defects in esthetic areas of the mouth. J Periodontol. 2005 Dec;76(12):2286-92
40. Massimo de Sanctis and Marco Clementini. Flap approaches in plastic periodontal and implant surgery: critical elements in design and execution. Journal of Clinical Periodontology Volume 41, Issue s15, April 2014, Pages: S108–S122,
41. Del Pizzo M, Zucchelli G, Modica F, Villa R, Debernardi C. Coronally advanced flap with or without enamel matrix derivative for root coverage: a 2-year study. J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32: 1181–1187
42. Zucchelli G, Mounssif I, Mazzotti C, Stefanini M, Marzadori M, Petracci E, Montebugnoli L. Coronally advanced flap with and without connective tissue graft for the treatment of multiple gingival recessions: a comparative short- and long-term controlled randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41: 396–403
43. McGuire MK, Scheyer ET, Nunn M. Evaluation of human recession defects treated with coronally advanced flaps and either enamel matrix derivative or connective tissue: Comparison of clinical parameters at 10 years. J Periodontol 2012;83:1353-1362.
44. Katrin Nickles, Petra Ratka-Kru¨ger, Eric Neukranz, Peter Raetzke, and Peter Eickholz. Ten-Year Results After Connective Tissue Grafts and Guided Tissue Regeneration for Root Coverage. J Periodontol 2010;81:827-836
45. Pini Prato G, Rotundo R, Franceschi D, Cairo F, Cortellini P, Nieri, M. Fourteen-year outcomes of coronally advanced flap for root coverage: follow-up from a randomized trial. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38: 715–720
46. Leandro Chambrone a, Daniela Chambrone b, Francisco E. Pustiglioni a, Luiz A. Chambrone b, Luiz A. Lima. Can subepithelial connective tissue grafts be considered the gold standard procedure in the treatment of Miller Class I and II recession-type defects? Journal of dentistry 36 (2008): 659–671
Periodontal plastic surgery for the management of the deformed edentulous ridge
1. Chapter 46, pp 1022. Lindhe’s textbook
Restoration of the interdental papilla
1. Yadav VS, Singh N, Bhatia A, Kamra P, Yadav R. A Modified Suturing Protocol for Tripod Stabilization of Connective Tissue Graft and Coronal Advancement of Tunnel Flap for Treatment of Isolated Gingival Recession. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2022 Jan-Feb;42(1):e9-e14. doi: 10.11607/prd.4782. PMID: 35060970.
2. Fadda M, Stefanini M, Rendón A, Sangiorgi M, Tavelli L, Zucchelli G. Treatment of Deep Isolated Gingival Recession Defects Affecting Mandibular Incisors: A Novel Interdisciplinary Orthodontic-Mucogingival Approach. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2022 Jan-Feb;42(1):25-33. doi: 10.11607/prd.5404. PMID: 35060964.
3. Castro-Calderón A, Roccuzzo A, Ferrillo M, Gada S, González-Serrano J, Fonseca M, Molinero-Mourelle P. Hyaluronic acid injection to restore the lost interproximal papilla: a systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand. 2021 Dec 2:1-13. doi: 10.1080/00016357.2021.2007282. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34855562.
Lindhe textbook 6th edition, pp. 1010-1013
Saleh MHA, Urban IA, Alrmali A, Ravidà A. Papilla reconstruction using a vertical interproximal tunnel approach. Int J Oral Implantol (Berl). 2023 Mar 2;16(1):55-64. PMID: 36861681.
Castro-Calderón A, Roccuzzo A, Ferrillo M, Gada S, González-Serrano J, Fonseca M, Molinero-Mourelle P. Hyaluronic acid injection to restore the lost interproximal papilla: a systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand. 2021 Dec 2:1-13. doi: 10.1080/00016357.2021.2007282. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34855562
Chow YC, Eber RM, Tsao YP, Shotwell JL, Wang HL. Factors associated with the appearance of gingival papillae. J Clin Periodontol. 2010 Aug 1;37(8):719-27. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01594.x. Epub 2010 Jul 1. PMID: 20618545.
Fischer KR, Grill E, Jockel-Schneider Y, Bechtold M, Schlagenhauf U, Fickl S. On the relationship between gingival biotypes and supracrestal gingival height, crown form and papilla height. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014 Aug;25(8):894-8. doi: 10.1111/clr.12196. Epub 2013 May 30. PMID: 23718206.
Excessive gingival display: etiology, diagnosis, altered passive eruption - Crown lengthening in the aesthetic zone
1. Zengiski ACS, Basso IB, Cavalcante-Leão BL, Stechman-Neto J, Santos RS, Guariza-Filho O, Zeigelboim BS, Taveira KVM, de Araujo CM. Effect and longevity of botulinum toxin in the treatment of gummy smile: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Clin Oral Investig. 2022 Jan;26(1):109-117. doi: 10.1007/s00784-021-04223-w. Epub 2021 Oct 15. PMID: 34652491.
2. Oliveira AT, Paes-Souza SA, Garcia MAC, Mattos CT, Nojima MDCG. Therapeutic effects of botulinum toxin type A in subjects with gummy smile: A longitudinal sEMG approach. Int Orthod. 2021 Dec;19(4):652-658. doi: 10.1016/j.ortho.2021.07.004. Epub 2021 Sep 17. PMID: 34544663.
3. Mossaad AM, Abdelrahman MA, Kotb AM, Alolayan AB, Elsayed SA. Gummy Smile Management Using Diode Laser Gingivectomy Versus Botulinum Toxin Injection - A Prospective Study. Ann Maxillofac Surg. 2021 Jan-Jun;11(1):70-74. doi: 10.4103/ams.ams_458_20. Epub 2021 Jul 24. PMID: 34522657; PMCID: PMC8407640.
4. Alshammery D, Alqhtani N, Alajmi A, Dagriri L, Alrukban N, Alshahrani R, Alghamdi S. Non-surgical correction of gummy smile using temporary skeletal mini-screw anchorage devices: A systematic review. J Clin Exp Dent. 2021 Jul 1;13(7):e717-e723. doi: 10.4317/jced.58242. PMID: 34306536; PMCID: PMC8291159.
5. Bastidas JA. Surgical Correction of the "Gummy Smile". Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2021 May;33(2):197-209. doi: 10.1016/j.coms.2021.01.005. Epub 2021 Mar 6. PMID: 33750651.
6. Andijani RI, Paramitha V, Guo X, Deguchi T, Tatakis DN. Lip repositioning surgery for gummy smile: 6-month clinical and radiographic lip dimensional changes. Clin Oral Investig. 2021 Oct;25(10):5907-5915. doi: 10.1007/s00784-021-03896-7. Epub 2021 Mar 21. PMID: 33745100.
7. Dolt AH 3rd, Robbins JW. Altered passive eruption: an etiology of short clinical crowns. Quintessence Int. 1997 Jun;28(6):363-72. PMID: 9477899.
8. Pilloni A, Marini L, Zeza B, Ferlosio A, Aghazada R. Histologic Analysis of Clinically Healthy Human Gingiva in Patients with Altered Passive Eruption. Dent J (Basel). 2021 Mar 6;9(3):29. doi: 10.3390/dj9030029. PMID: 33800922; PMCID: PMC7999146.
9. Mele M, Felice P, Sharma P, Mazzotti C, Bellone P, Zucchelli G. Esthetic treatment of altered passive eruption. Periodontol 2000. 2018 Jun;77(1):65-83. doi: 10.1111/prd.12206. Epub 2018 Mar 4. PMID: 29504162.
10. Camargo PM, Melnick PR, Camargo LM. Clinical crown lengthening in the esthetic zone. J Calif Dent Assoc. 2007 Jul;35(7):487-98. PMID: 17915591.
11. Malkinson S, Waldrop TC, Gunsolley JC, Lanning SK, Sabatini R. The effect of esthetic crown lengthening on perceptions of a patient's attractiveness, friendliness, trustworthiness, intelligence, and self-confidence. J Periodontol. 2013 Aug;84(8):1126-33. doi: 10.1902/jop.2012.120403. Epub 2012 Nov 9. PMID: 23137007.
Exposure of impacted canines
1. Grisar K, Denoiseaux B, Martin C, Hoppenreijs T, Calburean F, Politis C, Jacobs R. Treatment for critically impacted maxillary canines: Clinical versus scientific evidence - A systematic review. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021 Apr 17:S2468-7855(21)00080-X. doi: 10.1016/j.jormas.2021.03.013. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33862266.
2. Varghese SC, Preethi G, Balaji K, Anison JJ, Rajesh R, Mahalakshmi K. Unveiling the Impacted Canine - Eyelet Chain Guide: Concepts and Clinical Application. Contemp Clin Dent. 2020 Oct-Dec;11(4):403-407. doi: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_52_20. Epub 2020 Dec 20. PMID: 33850410; PMCID: PMC8035835.
3. Grisar K, Fransen J, Smeets M, Hoppenreijs T, Ghaeminia H, Politis C, Jacobs R. Surgically assisted orthodontic alignment of impacted maxillary canines: A retrospective analysis of functional and esthetic outcomes and risk factors for failure. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2021 Jun;159(6):e461-e471. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.12.019. Epub 2021 Mar 27. PMID: 33785231.
4. Alberto PL. Surgical Exposure of Impacted Teeth. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2020 Nov;32(4):561-570. doi: 10.1016/j.coms.2020.07.008. Epub 2020 Sep 7. PMID: 32912779.
5. Becker A, Chaushu S. Surgical Treatment of Impacted Canines: What the Orthodontist Would Like the Surgeon to Know. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2015 Aug;27(3):449-58. doi: 10.1016/j.coms.2015.04.007. PMID: 26231817.
6. Chapokas AR, Almas K, Schincaglia GP. The impacted maxillary canine: a proposed classification for surgical exposure. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2012 Feb;113(2):222-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.02.025. Epub 2011 May 23. PMID: 22677740.
7. Parkin N, Benson PE, Thind B, Shah A. Open versus closed surgical exposure of canine teeth that are displaced in the roof of the mouth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Oct 8;(4):CD006966. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006966.pub2. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Aug 21;8:CD006966. PMID: 18843740.